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O impacto das fake news chegou à área da saúde e a desconfiança em relação às vacinas trouxe de volta doenças até então erradicadas. Mas como os discursos antivacinasão construídos nas redes sociais? Neste trabalho, 80fake news com foco nas vacinas foram coletadas de sites brasileiros que realizam debunking, uma estratégia de detecção e desmascaramento de desinformação e fake news. A partir da aplicação de um protocolo analítico, mapeamos as principais características presentes na elaboração dessas publicações. A análise de conteúdo revelou que o Facebook e o WhatsApp são as redes preferidas para esse tipo de compartilhamento. Cerca de 59% dos conteúdos são totalmente falsos e a maioria dos discursos destaca possíveis riscos das vacinas como estratégias de convencimento. As fontes mais referenciadas são supostamente médicos e cientistas, para criar confiabilidade. O levantamento aponta ainda que 60% das publicações apresentaram erros gramaticais e ortográficos na elaboração dos textos
The impact of fake news reached the health area and distrust in relation to vaccines brought back diseases that had been eradicated. But how are these anti-vaccine discourses constructed in social medias? In this paper, 80 fake news stories focusing on vaccines were collected through Brazilian websites that perform debunking, a strategy for detecting and unmasking misinformation and fake news. From the application of an analytical protocol, the main characteristics present in the elaboration of these publications were mapped. Content analysis revealed that Facebook and WhatsApp are the preferred medias for this type of sharing. About 59% of the contents are totally false and most of the speeches highlight the risks of vaccines as a convincing strategy. The most referenced sources are supposedly doctors and scientists to create re-liability. The survey also points out that 60% of publications have grammatical and spelling errors in the preparation of texts
El impacto de las fake news llegó al área de la salud y la desconfianza en las vacunas trajo de vuelta enfermedades erradicadas. Pero, ¿cómo se construyen los discursos antivacunas en las redes sociales? En este trabajo, se recopilaron 80 noticias falsas centradas en vacunas a través de sitios web brasileños que realizan debunking, una estrategia para detectar y desenmascarar información errónea y noticias falsas. A partir de la aplicación de un protocolo analítico, mapeamos las principales características presentes en la elaboración de estas publicaciones. El análisis de contenido reveló que Facebook y WhatsApp son las redes preferidas para este tipo de intercambio. Alrededor del 59% del contenido es completamente falso y la mayoría destaca los posibles riesgos de las vacunas como estrategias convincentes. Las fuentes más referenciadas son supuestamente médicos y científicos para crear confiabilidad. La encuesta señala que el 60% de las publicaciones tenían errores gramaticales y ortográficos
Subject(s)
Humans , Vaccines/history , Anti-Vaccination Movement , Disinformation , Information Dissemination/ethics , Health Communication/ethics , Social NetworkingABSTRACT
This paper aims to address the concern that quantitative public health studies do not integrate theoretical considerations. This qualitative study uses content analysis to explore the application of theory in Indian public health articles listed on PubMed. Social determinants such as poverty, income, social class, education, gender, caste, socioeconomic position, socioeconomic status, immigrant status, and wealth were the keywords used to identify the articles analysed in this study. From a selection of 91 public health articles, we identified potential theoretical frameworks based on the pathways/recommendations/explanations mentioned. Additionally, using the case of tuberculosis in India, we highlight how theoretical perspectives play a critical role in providing a holistic view of major health challenges. Finally, by emphasising the need to adopt a theoretical perspective in empirical quantitative research on public health in India, we hope to motivate scholars to include a theory or theoretical paradigm in their future research.
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Resumo O capital social é uma lente teórica importante para explicar os relacionamentos interorganizacionais e a construção da resiliência nas redes de suprimentos. Para corroborar essa perspectiva, este estudo visa identificar quais atributos do capital social contribuem para explicar o desenvolvimento da resiliência nas redes de suprimentos da administração pública e de que forma eles se combinam nessa explicação. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa e descritiva que utilizou entrevistas com a técnica da grade de repertório para a coleta de dados. Os dados foram analisados mediante a análise de conteúdo de Honey e a análise de coincidência (CNA). Os resultados da pesquisa indicam que o capital social se mostrou fundamental para desenvolver resiliência nas redes de suprimentos na administração pública, por meio dos atributos de compartilhamento de informações técnicas; precisão na comunicação; antecipação na comunicação de informações relevantes; reciprocidade; confiança; transparência e comprometimento. A originalidade do estudo reside na utilização da teoria do capital social em estudos sobre resiliência na administração pública e na adoção de um método de coleta e análise de dados robusto e ainda não explorado em pesquisas na administração pública brasileira. As principais contribuições do estudo foram: 1) destacar o capital social como constructo multinível que influencia o desenvolvimento da resiliência; 2) ampliar os estudos sobre resiliência na administração pública; 3) fornecer informações que podem ser utilizadas por gestores públicos, a fim de evitar ou minimizar a ocorrência de riscos que comprometam a prestação de serviços públicos e 4) adotar um método de pesquisa inédito na administração pública brasileira.
Resumen El capital social es una lente teórica importante para explicar las relaciones entre organizaciones y desarrollar la resiliencia en las redes de suministro. Corroborando esta perspectiva, este estudio tiene como objetivo identificar qué atributos del capital social contribuyen a explicar el desarrollo de la resiliencia en las redes de suministro de la administración pública y cómo se combinan en esta explicación. Se realizó una investigación cualitativa y descriptiva, utilizando entrevistas con la técnica de rejilla de repertorio para la recolección de datos. Los datos se analizaron utilizando el análisis de contenido de Honey y el análisis de coincidencia (CNA). Los resultados de la investigación indican que el capital social demostró ser fundamental para desarrollar resiliencia en las redes de abastecimiento de la administración pública, a través de los atributos de compartición de información técnica, precisión en la comunicación, anticipación en la comunicación de información relevante, reciprocidad, confianza, transparencia y compromiso. La originalidad del estudio radica en el uso de la teoría del capital social en estudios sobre resiliencia en la administración pública y en la adopción de un método robusto de recopilación y análisis de datos que aún no ha sido explorado en investigaciones en la administración pública brasileña. Las principales contribuciones del estudio fueron: (1) resaltar el capital social como un constructo multinivel que influye en el desarrollo de la resiliencia, (2) ampliar los estudios sobre resiliencia en la administración pública, (3) proporcionar información que pueda ser utilizada por los administradores para evitar o minimizar la ocurrencia de riesgos que comprometan la prestación de los servicios públicos y (4) adoptar un método de investigación inédito en la administración pública brasileña.
Abstract Social capital is an important theoretical lens for explaining interorganizational relationships and building resilience in supply networks. This study corroborates this perspective, aiming to identify which attributes of social capital contribute to explaining the development of resilience in public administration supply networks and how they combine in this explanation. A qualitative and descriptive research was carried out, using interviews with the repertoire grid technique for data collection. Data were analyzed using Honey's content analysis and coincidence analysis (CNA). The research results indicate that social capital proved to be fundamental to developing resilience in supply networks in public administration, through the attributes of sharing technical information, precision in communication, anticipation in communicating relevant information, reciprocity, trust, transparency, and commitment. The originality of the study lies in the use of social capital theory in studies on resilience in public administration and in the adoption of a robust data collection and analysis method that has not yet been explored in research in Brazilian public administration. The main contributions of the study were: (1) to highlight social capital as a multilevel construct that influences the development of resilience, (2) to expand studies on resilience in public administration, (3) to provide information that public managers can use to avoid or minimize the risks that jeopardize the provision of public services, and (4) to adopt an unprecedented research method in the Brazilian public administration.
Subject(s)
Public Administration , Brazil , Social CapitalABSTRACT
Xiaoyao pills are a famous traditional Chinese medicine collected in Welfare Pharmacy, which is a classic prescription for treating liver depression and spleen deficiency. However, its composition is complex. In order to better control the quality of Xiaoyao pills, in this study, HPLC-ion-trap time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-IT-TOF/MS) was used to identify the main ingredients of Xiaoyao pills, paeoniflorin, albiflorin, glycyrrhizic acid, saikosaponin A and saikosaponin B2. Then a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was developed for simultaneous determination and quantification of the main compounds. Fragmentation pathways of five active components were obtained. The method was validated. Five active ingredients in Xiaoyao pills had a good linear relationship, and the values of RSD (%) of repeatability were all less than 5%, the recovery ranges were between 90% and 115%, and the values of RSD (%) of each substance were less than 10% after the sample solution is placed for 24 hours. Three batches of Xiaoyao pills (concentrated pellets) and two batches of Xiaoyao pills (water pellets) were determined, the contents of paeoniflorin in concentrated pills were more than 4.0 mg·g-1, and those in water pills were more than 2.5 mg·g-1, which was accordance with Chinese Pharmacopoeia. However, other compounds behave differently. This method has high sensitivity and reliable measurement results, which provides basis for quality control of Xiaoyao pills and material basis for pharmacology research.
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Apesar dos avanços científicos na compreensão da criatividade, ainda restam dúvidas na definição deste constructo por alunos e professores. Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar a percepção da criatividade em alunos (n=74) e professores (n=24). A média de idade foi de 30,5 anos, em sua maioria mulheres (70,41%), de escolaridade com nível superior (75%), da região Sudeste (58%). O instrumento utilizado foi um questionário online com perguntas abertas sobre a percepção da criatividade. Por meio da análise de conteúdo, verificou-se que os participantes descrevem a criatividade através de características cognitivas (fluência, flexibilidade, elaboração e originalidade), sendo que os professores mostraram maior ênfase ao ambiente criativo, enquanto alunos acreditam que a pessoa e o processo sejam aspectos que podem estimular a expressão da criatividade. Os resultados se alinham com outros encontrados na literatura, reforçando a importância de que a criatividade seja inserida na formação dos professores e trabalhada junto aos alunos.
A pesar de los avances científicos en la comprensión de la creatividad, aún hay dudas en la definición de este constructo por alumnos y profesores. Este estudio tuvo por objetivo identificar la percepción de la creatividad en alumnos (n=74) y profesores (n=24). El promedio de edad fue de 30,5 años, en mayoría mujeres (el 70,41%), de escolaridad con nivel universitario (el 75%), de la región Sudeste (el 58%). El instrumento utilizado fue un cuestionario online con preguntas abiertas sobre la percepción de la creatividad. Por intermedio del análisis de contenido, se verificó que los participantes describen la creatividad a través de características cognitivas (fluencia, flexibilidad, elaboración y originalidad), siendo que los profesores mostraron mayor énfasis al ambiente creativo, mientras alumnos creen que la persona y el proceso sean aspectos que pueden estimular la expresión de la creatividad. Los resultados se alinean con otros encontrados en la literatura, reforzando la importancia de que la creatividad sea inserida en la formación de los profesores y trabajada junto a los alumnos.
Despite scientific advances in the understanding of creativity, there are still doubts in the definition of this construct by students and teachers. This study aimed to identify the perception of creativity in students (n=74) and teachers (n=24). The average age was 30.5 years, mostly women (70.41%), with higher education (75%), from the Southeast region (58%). The instrument used was an online questionnaire with open questions about the perception of creativity. Through content analysis, it was found that participants describe creativity through cognitive characteristics (fluency, flexibility, elaboration and originality), with teachers showing greater emphasis on the creative environment, while students believe that the person and the process are aspects that can stimulate the expression of creativity. The results are in line with others found in the literature, reinforcing the importance that creativity is inserted in the training of teachers and worked with students.
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Creativity , Comprehension , Education , Educational StatusABSTRACT
【Objective】 To understand the current status and shortcomings of the informed consent of blood donors, and to ensure that the informed consent of blood donors complies with ethical norms and management requirements. 【Methods】 From January 1 to 31, 2022, the " Informed Consent Form for Blood Donor" and " Health Status Consultation Form", issued by 6 blood services in Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, Chongqing, Guangzhou and Zhejiang, were collected. The contents regarding individual informed consent were set as an analysis unit; 7 first-level codes such as the form of information disclosure, 19 second-level codes such as the title of the content to be informed, and 56 items such as the content to be informed before blood donation were established to make frequency statistics. 【Results】 The informed consent, issued by six blood centers, included such elements as the form of information disclosure, blood donation process and risks, authenticity of information, donor shielding requirements, screening for transfusion-transmitted infections, other uses of blood, and consent decisions. The second-level coding with frequency≥ 4 included 12 items(63.16%), such as the title of informed consent, truthful provision of health consultation information, and blood donation under real-name, of which precautions after blood donation, privacy statement, and withdrawal were " unexplained" frequency codes. The proportion of 56 items with frequency 1~6 was 55.36%, 12.50%, 10.71%, 17.86%, 1.79% and 1.79%, respectively. 【Conclusion】 The informed consent forms and health status consultation forms play a certain role in explaining and conducting informed consent in different places, but some contents are scattered and lack of specifications, information notification weights in shielding requirements while lacks post-donation care and privacy protection, and the decision-making process is inadequate. A standardized content framework for informed consent of blood donors should be established, the caring for blood donors should be promoted, and the full process of consent decision-making should be valued seriously.
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Objective To summarize the main research objects, methods and content of research on China's health development assistance, and to provide reference for expanding research directions in this field. Methods Databases including CMKI, Wanfang and VIP were searched in accordance with the determined search strategy to acquire Chinese literatures on development assistance for health. Content analysis was conducted and software NVivo 11 was used to code the contents. CiteSpace 6.2.R2 was used to conduct keyword co-occurrence analysis. Results A total of 180 articles were included, and the number of published articles increased over time. Events including the 50th anniversary of Chinese medical team dispatchment, the launch of Silk Road of Health Cooperation Initiative, and the outburst of COVID-19 pandemic marked a robust growth in the number of articles in this field. The main study objects were countries providing bilateral development assistance for health, especially China. The main study method was a qualitative research method based on literature and policy analysis. The main research contents included the ways and key areas of health development assistance, as well as suggestions for the future development of China's health development assistance. After the launch of Silk Road of Health Cooperation Initiative, the health development assistance had received further attention as an important approach and function of global health governance. Conclusion The existing research on development assistance for health is overly focused and redundant. In the future, more attention should be paid to other participants involved in the health development assistance and the situation of recipient countries. Empirical research methods should be used to conduct more in-depth research on issues such as project implementation and effectiveness of development assistance for health.
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Objective:To analyze the evolution of China′s national-level healthcare sector regulatory policies between 2003 and 2021, and explore the characteristics and patterns of the use of policy instruments at different stages, for references in policy optimization.Methods:The policy documents related to the regulation of the healthcare sector released by the central government were searched from 2003 to 2021 from the policy document database of the State Council using the keywords " medical" " regulation" and " health" " regulation". Based on the analysis framework of " formulation subject-implementation subject-policy tools", such methods as content analysis, social network analysis, and policy tool analysis were used to analyze policy documents and conduct descriptive analysis of data.Results:A total of 236 policies were included in the study.From 2003 to 2008, according to the time progression, a total of 27 documents were issued, with the State Council as the main formulation subject (77.78%, 21/27), and the government as the main implementation subject (100.00%, 27/27). 191 policy tools were used, and the composition ratios of supply-based, demand-based, and environment-based policy instruments were 21.46% (41/191), 30.37% (58/191), and 48.17% (92/191). From 2009 to 2017, a total of 48 policies were issued, the formulation subject was mostly the State Council (93.75%, 45/48), and the implementation subject was still mostly the government (100.00%, 48/48), but the proportion of institutions (25.00%, 12/48), industry organizations (43.75%, 21/48) and the society (37.50%, 18/48) has increased. 500 policy tools were used, and the composition ratios of supply-based, demand-based, and environment-based policy instruments were 17.40% (87/500), 32.00% (160/500), and 50.60% (253/500), respectively.From 2018 to 2021, a total of 161 documents were issued, with the formulation subjects featuring multiple subjects (38.51%, 62/161), with a decrease in the percentage of the State Council′s issuance (22.36%, 36/161), and 157 (97.52%) policies were implemented by the government. 1 140 policy tools were used, and the composition ratios of supply-based, demand-based, and environment-based policy instruments being 18.42% (210/1 140), 34.74% (396/1 140), and 46.84% (534/1 140), respectively.Conclusions:From 2003 to 2021, there was an upward trend in the number of policies issued in the field of healthcare sector regulation in China, and the subjects of formulation and implementation were diversified. But the use of different types of policy instruments was uneven.
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Objective:To construct a theoretical model of medical quality and safety management based on the current situation of medical quality and safety management mode in China, providing reference for continuous improvement of medical quality and safety management.Methods:The CNKI database was used as the data source to search literature, with a high citation index H=38 as the judgment standard, the core literature related to the quality and safety management in China was selected. Based on the structure-process-outcome (SPO) model, Nvivo qualitative analysis software was used to code and analyze the included literature, sort out the relevant elements of China′s medical quality and safety management, and clarify the logical relationship between the elements, forming a generalized SPO model of China′s medical quality and safety management.Results:Through a systematic summary and review of relevant literature, a generalized SPO model for medical quality and safety management was proposed, including 5 structural elements (organizational structure, personnel management, resource management, informatization, management standards), 2 process elements (management methods, service processes), and 3 outcome elements (patient outcomes, employee outcomes, organizational results). The logical relationships between and within the three major elements were constructed.Conclusions:To improve the level of medical quality and safety management in China, the structural dimension should be focused on clarifying the responsibilities of the main body of quality management, establishing an independent and perfect quality control department, strengthening the investment and construction of information technology, and promoting the implementation of the medical quality management standard; the process dimension should be focused on promoting the rational application of quality management tools; and the outcome dimension should be focused on strengthening the management of patient safety and improving the individual satisfaction.
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Objective:To analyze the experiences and practice in the reform of public hospital salary system in Sichuan province, summarize the typical modes of such reform in the province, and provide references for further reform.Methods:As of October 29, 2021, the research group received 77 sets of typical experience materials submitted by the health commissions and public hospitals in Sichuan province on enforcing the reform of the public hospital salary system. The analysis framework was based on the five main elements proposed in the Guidance to Deepening the Reform of the Salary System of Public Hospitals for the purpose of furthering the reform. These five elements refer to " reasonably determining the level of salary in public hospitals" " fully implementing the autonomy of internal distribution in public hospitals " " establishing and improving the incentive and restraint mechanism for the remuneration of public hospital leaders" " improving the assessment and evaluation mechanism oriented to public welfare" and " funding sources ". A quantitative analysis was made on the typical experience materials using the social network analysis method, while a qualitative analysis was made on the typical experience materials using the content analysis method. Results:The results of social network analysis showed that the network density was 0.272; the highest point centrality was " fully implement the autonomy of internal distribution in public hospitals" (0.935), and the highest intermediary centrality was " improving the assessment and evaluation mechanism oriented to public welfare" (0.870), while the closeness to centrality of " establishing and improving the incentive and constraint mechanism for the salary of public hospital leaders" (0.434) and " funding sources" (0.421) were relatively low. The results of content analysis showed that the ones with higher frequency among all the typical experience materials were " fully implementing the autonomy of internal distribution of hospitals" (72 times) and " improving the assessment and evaluation mechanism oriented to public welfare" (67 times), while the ones with lower frequency were " establishing and improving the salary incentive and constraint mechanism for public hospital leaders" (17 times) and " funding sources" (14 times). In terms of unity and synergy, the typical models of public hospital salary system reform in the province could be categorized as the fine standard mode, the fair value mode, the autonomous synergy mode and the circular symbiosis mode.Conclusions:Deepening the reform of the salary system of public hospitals should unify the standards and improve the fair and refined assessment and evaluation mechanism; explore various forms of distribution and build an internal autonomous and synergistic incentive mechanism; pay attention to the weak remuneration incentive mechanism for hospital leaders and the problem of a relatively single source of funding.
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Nurses on the front lines of the health care faced a lot of personal and professional challenges during the delivery of patient care with Covid-19. Nevertheless, they learnt many lessons to provide quality patient care. Qualitative research describing these phenomena is comparatively rare. This study aimed to explore the challenges faced and lessons learnt by the nursing service department during the crisis of Covid-19 pandemic in India. In this inductive manifest content analysis, data emerging from 21 presentations done by Nursing professionals as a part of Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MOHFW) Nursing Echo initiative for 'Capacity Building of Nursing professionals for Caring the patients during Covid-19 Pandemic' was used. Video-recorded presentations were condensed until a code was labelled to the meanings.The study also brought out four categories (modifying infrastructure to set up Covid care facility, collaboration, training and protocols, and improving welfare) and seven sub-categories related to lessons learnt by Nursing professionals. Nursing personnel in India demonstrated immense professional dedication and played an important role in patient’s recovery. A multifaceted support to nursing professionals from the government, policy makers and administrative body should be provided to safeguard their wellbeing and have them in ready to manage crisis
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India has the world’s largest newspaper market, with over 100 million copies sold daily. The media scapegoat, simplify, speculate, and sensationalize suicide?related news instead of signposting people to seek help. Suicide affects individuals, families, and communities and is worthy of responsible reporting. This study examined the quality of newspaper coverage of suicides from January to December 2017 in three popular English dailies in Bengaluru, South India. Three hundred and ninety?five online suicide reports were evaluated for compliance with the 2017 WHO recommendations for responsible suicide reporting by media professionals. The secondary data were obtained from digital newspaper archives and analyzed. Ahandful of the sampled articles met key recommendations. While reporting on suicide in the Indian media, three critical areas that require the most attention are reducing sensationalism, providing help-seeking information, and educating the public on suicide prevention without perpetuating myths.
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ABSTRACT Assets and Liabilities Management (ALM) has been a topic of interest for decision makers in the private and public sectors. This study shows a systematic review of 416 published research paper; in the Scopus citation index, associated with ALM in a period of time from 1983 to 2021. The main objective is to identify the lines of publication over time, emphasize the journals most associated with the subject, as well as the relevant authors. The tool that was used was Bibliometrix of R, which allowed to identify the bibliometric indicators in the publications. In addition, the work proposes a modeling of themes based on text mining methodologies. The results allow us to conclude that quantitative research has been widely exploited through the 6 themes: Financial risk management, Stochastic modeling, Pension funds, Capital markets and the insurance industry, Mean-variance models, General optimization models. This research allows us to identify gaps in the literature to frame future research. JEL CLASSIFICATION G10. G21. G22. G30
RESUMEN La gestión de activos y pasivos (ALM - Assets and Liabilities Management por sus siglas en inglés) ha sido un tema de interés para tomadores de decisión en el sector privado y público. Este estudio muestra una revisión sistemática de 416 investigaciones publicadas, en el indice de citas Scopus, asociadas con el ALM en un periodo de tiempo de 1983 a 2021. El objetivo principal es identificar las líneas de publicación a través del tiempo, enfatizar en las revistas más asociadas con el tema, así como los autores relevantes. La herramienta que se utilizò fue Bibliometrix de R, la cuál permitió identificar los indicadores bibliométricos en las publicaciones. Además, en el trabajo se propone una modelación de temas a partir de metodologías de minería de texto. Los resultados permiten concluir que la investigación cuantitativa ha sido ampliamente explotada a través de las 6 temáticas: Financial risk management, Stochastic modeling, Pension funds, Capital markets and the insurance industry, Mean-variance models, General optimization models. Esta investigación permite identificar brechas en la literatura para enmarcar futuras investigaciones. CLASIFICACIÓN JEL G10. G21. G22. G30
RESUMO A Gestão de Ativos e Passivos (ALM) tem sido um tema de interesse para os tomadores de decisão nos setores privado e público. Este estudo mostra uma revisão sistemática de 416 artigos de pesquisa publicados, no índice de citação Scopus, associados à ALM, durante um período de 1983 a 2021. O principal objetivo é identificar as linhas de publicação ao longo do tempo, enfatizando as revistas mais associadas ao tema, assim como os autores relevantes. A ferramenta utilizada foi a Bibliometrix da R, que nos permitiu identificar os indicadores bibliométricos nas publicações. Além disso, o documento propõe uma modelagem de tópicos baseada em metodologias de mineração de texto. Os resultados nos permitem concluir que a pesquisa quantitativa foi amplamente explorada através dos 6 temas: Gerenciamento de risco financeiro, Modelagem estocástica, Fundos de pensão, Mercado de capitais e indústria de seguros, Modelos de média-variância, Modelos de otimização geral. Esta pesquisa nos permite identificar lacunas na literatura para enquadrar futuras pesquisas. CLASSIFICAÇÃO JEL G10. G21. G22. G30
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Resumo Este artigo trata da comunicação que os Tribunais de Contas (TCs) e os Ministérios Públicos (MPs) brasileiros promovem nas redes sociais Facebook, Twitter e Instagram, desde a abertura de suas contas. Inova na discussão a respeito do controle democrático sobre a administração pública com foco na chamada "democracia digital", mostrando que os controladores também precisam se preocupar com a transparência e responsabilização nesses espaços. Tendo verificado que os TCs e os MPs mantêm departamentos profissionais de comunicação que operam intensamente nas redes sociais, com destaque para o TC da União (TCU) e o MP Federal (MPF) no Twitter, este trabalho analisa, de forma específica, o conteúdo da comunicação das duas instituições nessa rede, com a ajuda do software Iramuteq. Tanto o TCU como o MPF mantiveram intensa atividade de postagem de conteúdos diversos no Twitter, desde a abertura de suas contas e em momentos importantes da história política recente. A pergunta que orienta o trabalho é: ampliar os canais de comunicação significa necessariamente maior accountability? O que se constatou é que, ao se apresentar mais à sociedade pelos meios digitais, esses órgãos de controle não necessariamente responderam aos requisitos de responsabilização pública presentes na teoria democrática.
Resumen Este artículo trata de la comunicación que los Tribunales de Cuentas (TC) y los Ministerios Públicos (MP) brasileños promueven en las redes sociales Facebook, Twitter e Instagram, desde la apertura de sus cuentas. Innova en la discusión acerca de los controles democráticos sobre la administración pública en la llamada "democracia digital", mostrando que los controladores también deben preocuparse por su transparencia y rendición de cuentas. Habiendo comprobado que mantienen departamentos de comunicación profesional que operan intensamente en las redes sociales, con énfasis en el Tribunal de Cuentas de la Unión (TCU) y el Ministerio Público Federal (MPF) en Twitter, el artículo analiza específicamente el contenido de la comunicación entre las dos instituciones en esta red con la ayuda del software Iramuteq. Tanto el TCU como el MPF mantuvieron sus intensas actividades de publicación de contenidos varios en Twitter desde la apertura de sus cuentas y en momentos importantes de la historia política reciente. La pregunta que guía el trabajo es: ¿expandir los canales de comunicación significa necesariamente una mayor accountability? Lo que se encontró es que, al presentarse más a la sociedad a través de los medios digitales, estos organismos de control no respondían necesariamente a los requerimientos de rendición pública de cuentas presentes en la teoría democrática.
Abstract This article deals with the communication of Brazilian Courts of Accounts and Prosecution Services on social media platforms Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram, since the opening of their accounts. The study innovates in the discussion about democratic controls over public administration in the so-called "digital democracy," focusing on institutional communication of Courts of Accounts and Prosecution Services, showing that controllers also need to be concerned about their transparency and accountability. Having verified that they maintain professional communication departments that operate intensively on social media, with emphasis on the Federal Court of Accounts (TCU) and the Federal Prosecution Service (MPF) on Twitter, the article specifically analyzes the content of the two institutions' communication in this platform by using the Iramuteq software. Both TCU and MPF kept posting a variety of content on Twitter since first opening their accounts and at important moments in recent political history. The research question addressed was: Does expanding communication channels necessarily mean greater accountability? The study found that these institutions, when communicating with society on social media, did not necessarily respond to the public accountability requirements that democratic theory implies.
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Organizations , Communication , Disclosure , Public Attorneys , Social NetworkingABSTRACT
Adultez emergente é uma fase do desenvolvimento na qual os indivíduos se preparam para adentrar a vida adulta. Devido as suas características, é um período propício para estudar projeto de vida. Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar as concepções de estudantes universitárias sobre estágio extracurricular e sobre sua relação com desenvolvimento do projeto de vida. Foi realizado um grupo focal com três estudantes do curso de psicologia. Para a análise de dados, foi feita uma análise de conteúdo. Os resultados mostraram que projeto de vida e estágio extracurricular são percebidos como relacionados. Estas temáticas são vistas como benéficas para o desenvolvimento, auxiliando no estabelecimento da identidade, na autopercepção dessas jovens como adultas e na tomada de decisões.
Adultez emergente es una fase del desarrollo en la cual los individuos se preparan para adentrar a la vida adulta. Por sus características, es un período propicio para estudiar proyecto de vida. En este estudio se tuvo como objetivo investigar las concepciones de estudiantes universitarias sobre pasantía extracurricular y sobre su relación con desarrollo del proyecto de vida. Se realizó un grupo focal con tres estudiantes del curso de psicología. Para el análisis de datos, se hiso un análisis de contenido. Los resultados apuntan que proyecto de vida y pasantía extracurricular son percibidos como relacionados. Estas temáticas son evaluadas como benéficas para el desarrollo, ayudando en el establecimiento de la identidad, en la autopercepción de esas jóvenes como adultas y en la toma de decisiones.
Emerging adulthood is a stage of development in which individuals prepare to enter adult life. Due to its characteristics, it is a favorable period to study a purpose in life. This study aimed to investigate the conceptions of university students about extracurricular internship and its relationship with the development of the purpose in life. A focus group was carried out with three students from the psychology course. For data analysis, a content analysis was performed. The results showed that purpose in life and extracurricular internship are perceived as related. These themes are seen as beneficial for development, helping to establish identity, in the self-perception of these young people as adults and in decision-making.
Subject(s)
Self Concept , Students , Training Support , ProjectsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE To provide refere nce for the optimization and adjustment of the relevant policies in the field of pediatric drug in China. METHODS“Children”“pediatrics”and“drugs”were taken as the keywords to search the official websites of the State Council ，the National Health Commission ，the National Healthcare Security Administration ，the State Administration of Market Regulation and other relevant ministries and commissions ，and collect the relevant pediatric drug policies issued at the national level from January 1，2010 to December 31，2021. Content analysis method was used to summarize ，code and statistically analyze the policy tools used in the policy research documents. RESULTS A total of 39 policy documents and 327 policy tools were included in this study. According to statistics ，from 2011 to 2021，China issued national policy documents on pediatric drug use every year ，and in recent years ，the issuance of documents was relatively intensive. The main body of issuing pediatric drugs policy was the national health department and drug supervision and administration department （71.79％，28/39），and the number of documents issued by relevant ministries and commissions alone （76.92％，30/39）was significantly more than the number of documents jointly issued by multiple ministries and commissions （23.08％，9/39）. The environmental policy tools were the most widely used （64.83％，212/327），followed by s upply-oriented policy tools （30.28％，99/327），and demand-oriented policy tools were the least used （4.89％，16/327）. CONCLUSIONS The development of pediatric drug use in China is in its infancy. It is suggested that China should optimize supply-oriented policy tools，increase capital investment and the use of public health service tools ；adjust environmental policy tools ，accelerate the legislation of pediatric drugs ，and increase the proportion of incentive policy tool ；attach importance to demand-oriented policy tools ，strengthen international exchanges and the application of service outsourcing in the field of pediatric medication ；plan the use of various policy tools as a whole ，and coordinate the use proportion of three types of policy tool and their sub policy tools，so as to enhance the initiative of policy tools ，form policy synergy ，and jointly promote the development of pediatric drug use.
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@#Objective To systematically research the policies and core contents of World Health Organization (WHO) and United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) documents on policies, guidelines and standards for health-promoting schools and health services. Methods These policy documents included Making Every School a Health-promoting School: Implementation Guidelines, WHO Guidelines on School Health Services, and Making Every School a Health Promoting School Global Standards and Indicators, which construct a conceptual and policies framework for health-promoting schools. In perspective of health service system, this study systematically explored the policies, guidelines and standards of WHO and UNESCO on health-promoting schools and health services, as well as the role of health-promoting school component systems in promoting the health of children and how physical activity can be an important area of health-promoting schools. Results The Health Promoting Schools Initiative is an important area of research for the WHO health services. Making Every School a Health-promoting School: Implementation Guidelines primarily serves students aged five to 19, teachers and other staff in schools. WHO Guidelines on School Health Services cover a variety of activity types including health promotion, health education, preventive interventions, clinical assessment and health services management. Making Every School a Health Promoting School Global Standards and Indicators covers eight global criteria and thirteen specific areas in the areas of policy resources, curriculum and environment, and community engagement. Conclusion WHO and UNESCO have proposed a series of policies related to building health-promoting schools, which focus on child health and advocate the promotion of child and adolescent health, public health, education, social and economic development through schools to achieve the goal of safeguarding the health rights of children and adolescents and meeting health needs. Following the WHO Guidelines on School Health Services and Making Every School a Health Promoting School Global Standards and Indicators, it proposed to incorporate educational and physical education tools into the school health service system.
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【Objective】 To perform quantitative analysis on the sample provincial laws and regulations for voluntary blood donation, and provide reference for further revision of laws and regulations. 【Methods】 31 study samples were current provincial laws and regulations for voluntary blood donation that can be collected from open sources. The issue date and the revision date of each sample were recorded. With "The Blood Donation Law of the People’s Republic of China" as reference, 5 categories were formed and additional clauses in samples were coded and rated following content analysis procedures. Sample provinces were divided into two groups based on donation rate and their differences in evaluation scores of categories were examined using rank sum test. 【Results】 Until December, 2021, 31 sample provinces had issued and implemented provincial laws and regulation for voluntary blood donation, and 14 of which had been revised. Many detailed clauses (total score 9.32±3.09) were added in sample provincial laws and regulations, more clauses were added in the categories of 'related government agencies and their responsibilities’, 'management of clinical blood use’ and 'rewards and punishment’. Sample provinces were divided into two groups according to the donation rate per 1 000 people recommended by World Health Organization(10‰). Compared to lower donation rate group, the total score and sub score in the categories of 'basic principles’, 'management of blood collection and supply’ were significantly higher in higher donation rate group. 【Conclusion】 In revision and improvement of provincial laws and regulations, 'basic principles’ and 'management of blood collection and supply’ could be considered. This assay mainly tries to provide a new research perspective and perform quantitative analysis on content of sample provincial laws and regulation for voluntary blood donation, the actual effect of the results in this study need longer time to be examined, and we will keep following its new advances.
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Objective:To analyze the health development plans of the provinces in China during the " 14th Five-Year Plan" , and explore the key tasks, similarities and differences of health informatization construction in each province.Methods:Using the website of local people′s government and the official website of the provincial Health Commission, 27 copies of health development plans of various provinces during the " 14th Five-Year Plan" period were retrieved and collected from February 16 to June 5, 2022. The relevant statements of health information in the plan were extracted, content analysis was used to reveal the structural characteristics of the policy in the form of word frequency statistics, and discourse analysis was used to study the policy content.Results:The health information policies of 27 provinces during the " 14th Five-Year Plan" period could be summarized as 10 major themes, such as accelerating the construction of hierarchical diagnosis and treatment system, promoting the high-quality development of public hospitals, and deepening the reform of medical security system. The health information policy in the eastern, central and western regions was relatively clear, and there were certain differences in the construction points according to their own characteristics.Conclusions:During the " 14th Five-Year Plan" period, the policies of each province around the field of health information are well defined, and the core structure and content are similar. The distribution of key points in the eastern region is relatively balanced; the construction of health information in the central region is more prioritized and prominent; the construction of health information in the western region is focused on complementing the weak links and weaknesses.
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Esta investigación presenta una revisión sistemática de 80 estudios sobre juicio moral en la toma de decisiones morales desde las ciencias cognitivas, publicados entre 2005 y 2020, en inglés y español. Los artículos se evaluaron de acuerdo con los niveles de evidencia de la Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (sign),llevando a cabo un análisis metodológico e identificando las siguientes tendencias teóricas: neurociencias cognitivas; variables de influencia biológica, psicológica y sociocultural; debate razón vs. intuición; divergencia entre juicio y comportamiento moral; y comprensión del juicio moral como proceso de evaluación. Se concluye que los estudios revisados ofrecen representatividad de evidencia en niveles explicativos, preferencia por el tipo de investigación empírico analítica, manejo asiduo de variables independientes en diseños experimentales, uso de instrumentos de dilemas morales y registro electrofisiológico, los cuales ofrecen amplias posibilidades inferenciales. Sin embargo, es necesaria mayor consistencia teórica y metodológica para evitar contradicciones que dificulten el fortalecimiento de los modelos teóricos
A systematic review of 80 studies on moral judgment in moral decision-making from the cognitive scienc-es, published between 2005 and 2020, in English and Spanish, is presented. The articles were evaluated ac-cording to the levels of evidence of the Scottish Inter-collegiate Guidelines Network (sign), carrying out a methodological analysis and identifying the following theoretical trends: findings of the cognitive neurosci-ences, the variables of biological, psychological, and socio-cultural influence, the reason vs. intuition debate, the divergence between moral judgment and behavior, and the understanding of moral judgment as an evaluation process. It is concluded that the reviewed studies offer representativeness of evidence at explanatory levels; they also show a preference for analytical empirical research, assiduous independent-variable-handling in experimental designs, using moral dilemma instruments and electrophysiological recordings that offer wide in-erential possibilities. However, greater theoretical and methodological consistency is necessary to avoid contradictions that make it difficult to strengthen the theoretical models
É apresentada uma revisão sistemática de 80 estudos sobre julgamento moral na tomada de decisão moral das ciências cognitivas, publicados entre 2005 e 2020, em inglês e espanhol. Os artigos foram avaliados segun-do os níveis de evidência da Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (sign), realizando uma análise metodológica e identificando as seguintes tendências teóricas: neurociências cognitivas, variáveis de influên-cia biológica, psicológica e sociocultural, debate razão vs. intuição, divergência entre julgamento e comportamento moral e compreensão do julgamento moral como um processo de avaliação. Conclui-se que os estudos revi-sados oferecem representatividade das evidências em níveis explicativos, preferência pelo tipo de pesquisa empírica analítica, manuseio assíduo de variáveis inde-pendentes em desenhos experimentais e utilização de instrumentos de dilemas morais e registro eletrofisioló-gico que oferecem amplas possibilidades inferenciais, entretanto, é necessária maior consistência teórica e metodológica para evitar contradições que dificultam o fortalecimento de modelos teóricos